Difference between revisions of "AR-15 Carbine Rifle"

Revision as of 19:22, 27 November 2024

The AR-15 carbine rifle is sometimes referred to as the AR-15 M4 rifle, although this is incorrect. The AR-15 carbine version is typically referred to as the AR-15 carbine or by specific model names designated by the manufacturer, such as the Colt AR-15A4 Carbine. The carbine version indicates a shorter barreled configuration which is typically less than 16" long. These sometimes feature a collapsible stock or other characteristics related to the military M4 rifle.

The AR-16 carbine is a lightweight, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed firearm, known for its modular design allowing for a great degree of customization. Like the full length AR-15 it is derived from the military's M16 platform. The direct impingement or piston-driven gas system cycles the action, enabling semi-automatic fire. Because the AR-15 carbine is a civilian rifle burst and automatic fire are intentionally disabled. Chambered in 5.56x45mm NATO or .223 Remington, the AR-15 carbine rifle offers low recoil and high accuracy, making it popular law enforcement, and civilian applications.

history

The predecessor to the AR-15 carbine was introduced by Colt in 1965, specifically as the Colt Model 605. This model was a carbine variant of the standard AR-15 style rifle and featured a shorter 15.5-inch barrel. Colt's engineers designed it to address the need for a lightweight, maneuverable rifle, particularly for airborne and special operations forces. The design retained the core features of the AR-15/M16 platform while reducing its overall length and weight​. Later models were the Colt Commando and the M4 Carbine.

Colt's Model 605 was primarily intended for military applications and not marketed for civilian use. It was fully automatic and thus not a true AR-15 carbine. Civilian semi-automatic AR-15 carbines came later, with manufacturers designing shorter rifles tailored for private ownership. These civilian carbines, including many modeled after military configurations, are limited to semi-automatic operation by federal regulation. Civilian carbines such as those from Colt, Smith & Wesson, and other manufacturers adhere to strict semi-automatic operation.

It seems that it wasn't until the 1980s that AR-15 carbines became available to the civilian market in semi-automatic operation. Again Colt was the first to bring this to the market with their Colt Sporter Carbine. The Colt Sporter Carbine is the first truly AR-15 Carbine Rifle meeting the legal definition for civilian ownership in the United States. This model featured a 16-inch barrel distinguishing it from the shorter-barreled military variants so that it complies with the National Firearms Act of 1934.

Designed to appeal to sport shooters and AR-15 platform enthusiasts, the Colt Sporter Carbine is lightweight, reliable, and offers various customization options. It laid the groundwork for a wide array of similar firearms from other manufacturers. The AR-15 platform including the shorter carbine models are all part of an extremely and perhaps most popular platform being ideal for various applications ranging from sport shooting to home defense. These carbines helped solidify the AR-15's position as a cornerstone of the American civilian firearms market.

customization

barrel

The military version of the M4 carbine typically has a 14.5-inch barrel, while civilian AR-15 carbines generally feature a 16-inch barrel. This difference is primarily due to U.S. firearm regulations. Under the National Firearms Act (NFA), rifles with barrels shorter than 16 inches are classified as Short-Barreled Rifles (SBRs) and are subject to additional restrictions and a special tax. Because the AR-15 carbine is manufactured for civilian use it will feature a slightly longer barrel to avoid legal complications.

In the civilian market you will see the AR-15 advertised as having one of three primary barrel length classes, which are: Carbine, Mid Length, and Rifle. A fourth class has been introduced to make it possible to sell them with even shorter barrel lengths, which is known as the AR-15 pistol.

The 223 Remington and later the 5.56 NATO is designed to reach peak velocity from a 20-inch barrel. When you shorten the barrel so you can have a carbine model you sacrifice velocity in exchange for a shorter more maneuverable rifle. The ammo itself can be adapted to achieve the best possible combination of barrel length and performance. When selecting a custom barrel it is important to also consider the cartridge you intend to use. The loss of velocity and increase in muzzle flash and concussion are products of a shorter barrel. Carbine and shorter length barrels are considered preferred for home defense and tactical applications.

Profile of the barrel refers to thickness and taper. Lighter barrels are more ergonomic and more maneuverable. A heavier barrel is more rigid and stable. Some profile types that are common are:

• pencil A1 profile - lightweight and maneuverable but susceptible to distortion after heavy fire to due to heat
• govt M16A1 profile - thin .625 inch barrel behind the gas block and .750 inch barrel in front of the barrel
• heavy barrel - warp resistant and accurate but heavier in weight due to thickness
• fluted - designed to retain much of the benefit of a heavy barrel with focus on weight reduction

Barrel is are constructed utilizing different materials for the consumer's custom needs. The rifling twist rate of the barrel is also an option to consider. Different twist rates have advantages for different needs. There are even options concerning the rifling type itself. And finally the barrel treatment should be considered. Exhaustive in-depth research into all these factors should be considered when selecting a custom barrel for your AR-15 carbine.

grip

AR-15 rifles and carbines are almost universal and any custom grip should be interchangeable with practically any model from any manufacturer with vary rare exception. The selection of a grip is primarily that of ergonomics. Consumers choose a grip that meets their comfort preference. Because custom grips are most often extremely inexpensive, it is not uncommon for a carbine owner to have several for the same AR-15.

Custom grips are designed to improve ergonomics, providing a better fit for your hand size and shooting style. This leads to greater control over the firearm. Custom grips also allow you to tailor the angle and contour to your preference, minimizing wrist strain and improving trigger reach. This can result in more consistent trigger pulls and better accuracy. Some options include storage compartments for batteries or small tools, adding utility to your firearm setup.

handguard

Generally the purpose of a custom handguard beyond aesthetics is that of achieving a better grip. The handguard also protects the shooter from heat to prevent burns. Look for handguards with full heat shields in both the top and bottom. Designs with a slim tubular profile help to achieve good shooter grip and handling. Different rail configurations are also available, such as two 2-Slot and two 4-Slot rail sections for 3, 6 and 9 O'clock positions.

stock

Adjustable stocks, such as the Magpul CTR or B5 Systems Bravo, are popular for their flexibility in length of pull, making them ideal for multiple users or tactical applications. Fixed stocks, like the A2 or Magpul MOE Rifle Stock, provide a sturdy platform for precision shooting and are often preferred for their stability. Collapsible stocks, including models like the MFT Minimalist or BCM Gunfighter, are lightweight and compact, suiting those who need portability.

Many stock designs comply with state regulations, such as pinned versions for states prohibiting collapsible models. This variety ensures shooters can optimize their AR-15 carbines for recreational shooting, competition, hunting, or tactical use.

magazine

The AR-15 carbine, AR-15 and M15 Rifle all use the same magazine and they are interchangeable. Known as STANAG (Standardization Agreement) magazines the interchangeability across many rifle models chambered in 5.56 NATO/.223 Remington offers a level of logistical efficiency not found in most other designs. Mass production of standardized magazines makes them widely available and more affordable. There are well over 50 models of rifles and firearms using this magazine design including derivatives like the Ruger SR-556, SIG Sauer M400, and FN SCAR.

Standard magazines typically hold 30 rounds, but options range from low-capacity 5- or 10-round magazines for hunting or compliance with restrictive regulations to extended magazines capable of holding 40, 60, or even 100 rounds. Drum magazines, such as Magpul’s D-60, are popular for high-capacity needs. Some states limit civilian magazines to 10 rounds.

Magazines are commonly made of polymer, aluminum, or steel. Polymer magazines, like Magpul PMAGs, are lightweight, durable, and resistant to corrosion. Aluminum magazines, often government-issue style, are lightweight. Steel magazines are the most durable but tend to be heavier, which can affect handling during extended use. Many manufacturers offer anti-tilt followers, self-lubricating springs, and textured surfaces for improved reliability and handling.

miscellaneous other custom parts

Other customization options include your choice of 1) Optics, 2) Flash suppressor, 3) Custom trigger, 4) Bolt Carrier Groups, 5) Extended Charging Handle, 6) Buffer System, and 7) lazers, lights, 8) custom finish.

Example of a highly customized AR-15 Carbine:

Manufacturers

Colt

Smith & Wesson

Bushmaster

Bushmaster Firearms International has been making rifles ever since 1973. They are the leading distributor of AR-15 variants in the U.S. The semi-automatic M4 carbines (available as A2 or A3 models) are probably their best AR-15 variant. Sales for the company have greatly expanded since the Democrat lead 1994 federal assault weapons ban expired in 2004 under Republican President George W. Bush.

Bushmaster states that their AR-15 M4 (carbine) rifles are built to meet or exceed U.S. Military Specifications. The M4 A3/A2 Patrolman Carbine is a fine example of what Bushmaster has to offer the civilian and law enforcement market today. This is from the famous XM-15 line and features the Teflon-coated 7075 T6 anodized receivers and chrome-lined barrel (with 1×7” twist).

The XM-15 is a great series of guns and the M4 carbine AR-15 variants really showcase what this company is all about.