Difference between revisions of "Console Command Reference"
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<nowiki>startx to start X-windows </nowiki> | <nowiki>startx to start X-windows </nowiki> | ||
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Revision as of 02:22, 8 June 2007
[ Basic Command Reference for UNIX/Linux ]
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Linux/UNIX command Description MS-DOS equivalent
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
./{application} start {application} in current dir. {application}
{up arrow / down arrow} previous / next command in buffer doskey
cd {directory} go to directory {directory} cd
cd .. (or cd ../ or cd /..) go down one directory cd..
{string} [tab] [tab] view all commands starting with {string}
adduser add a user to the system
ls list a directory dir
cat {filename} view a textfile on the terminal type
mv {filename} {newname} move or rename file move
cp {filename} {filepath} copy file copy
rm {filename} delete a file del
mkdir {directory} make a directory md
rmdir {directory} remove a directory rd
rm -r {directory} remove directory and all underlying files deltree
rm p remove a package
df Show free space on device chkdsk
top view memory status (q to quit) mem
man {command} get a manual page about these commands help
less {filename} enhanced text file view
echo print something on the screen echo
mc Norton Commander for UNIX nc
mount to couple a device (cdrom) (floppy)
umount to uncouple a device
shutdown -h now to shutdown (same as the shutdown on windows start menu)
shutdown -r now to shutdown and reboot the system
[ Advanced commands ]
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chmod {permissions} {file} Change file permissions
ls -l x Perform a detailed directory listing for file x
ln -s x y Make a symbolic link from x to y
find x -name y -print find file y, begin the search from within directory x and
print the results to the screen
ps to view all running processes
kill x to terminate process x (x is PID from ps)
[alt] + F1 - F7 switch to terminal 1 - 7 (in text terminal; F7 = X-Windows
(when started))
lilo to make a boot disk
[ Additional Advanced commands ]
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dmesg print kernel buffer, useful to review boot messages
[ Derek's General Linux Quick Command Reference with examples ]
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*-----[access removable drives]-----*
cdrom mount -> mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cdrom unmount -> umount /dev/cdrom
floppy mount -> mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
floppy unmount -> umount /dev/fd0
*-----[logging on and off]-----*
shutdown -h now (to completely shutdown system
startx -- -bpp 15 (load XF86 in high colour)
15= 32768, 16 bpp= 65536, 24 or 32 bpp,= 16.7 mil colors
*-----[connect to inet with minicom]-----*
minicom -s
cntrl-A + D , (add phonenumber if necessary)
connect , after the *%^*)*^%58^%&%(*^&%$^&*(*&(^%
cntrl-A + Q and choose "Quit without Reset"
at the prompt type: pppd defaultroute /dev/modem
*-----[install software and components]-----*
RPM -> rpm -i --percent filename.rpm
tar xvf filename.tar -> untar
gzip -dfvr -> un-gzip
*-----[hotkeys and multitask]-----*
Alt-F1 through F6 -> switches consoles
Ctrl-Alt-F1-F2 to 6 -> switch from X to console
Alt-F7 -> switch from console back to X
*-----[miscellaneous]-----*
ping -i 300 host.domain.com /dev/null -> ping bot
ping -i 300 host.domain.com }/dev/null & -> better
ps -u username -> show my processes on SunOS Unix
route -h -> show network info and ip's
*-----[console keystrokes]-----*
vi -> vi filename (powerful text editor)
pico -> pico filename (edit a text file)
SHIFT-PGUP -> in colsole to scroll up
ls | less -> does directory in scrollable format
ls -l | less -> above with file sizes
pico filename -> create batch program
chmod +x filename -> set executable file permission
ln -s realdir fakedir -> create link to directory
pwd -> shows working directory
*-----[technicial]-----*
modprobe -> added kernel module
modprobe ne.o -> with parameters to add netcard
*-----[recompile kernel]-----*
uname -r -> display current kernel version
/usr/src/linux
make config or make menuconfig
[ Terminology ]
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symlink Symbolic link to another file or directory. Like Win95's shortcuts
shell script Like MS-DOS's batchfiles; perform a series of commands after another.
[ X-Windows ]
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startx to start X-windows
[ctrl] + [alt] + [backsp] to quit X during trouble
[ctrl] + [alt] + F1 - F6 to switch to text terminal 1 - 6 (in X-windows)
xf86Config most primitive setup/configurator for x (in text terminal)
Xconfigurator another configurator for X in text terminal
xf86Setup an X-Windows configurator for X
configX to configure Metro-X server
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