Difference between revisions of "Windows 10 Tips & Tricks"

Revision as of 17:27, 9 June 2016

Command Prompt, System Restore, and other Startup Settings at Boot w/o Boot Disk

You don't need a boot disk to get to the "Advanced Options" menu.

NOTE: You will boot to a command shell using the recovery environment and not the regular windows environment. Changes made here may not be saved to your normal windows drive! Also you will NOT be able to access the SAM file registry hive, something that does require booting from a boot disk.

From the Windows login screen: hold down shift key while clicking on the power icon in lower right corner. Keep holding down shift key and click on restart.

Windows will not restart, but instead show a blue screen with "Choose an option"

• Options are: Continue, Troubleshoot, Turn off your PC.
• Choose: Troubleshoot, then choose Advanced Options

Now you will see a blue screen with six different options.

• Options are: System Restore, System Image Recovery, Startup Repair, Command Prompt, Startup Settings, and Go back to the previous build.

If you select an option, such as "Command Prompt" the computer will reboot and load into a basic graphical interface with a command shell window open and no other windows menus.

Note: Some of the Advanced Options on the screens mentioned above may be different. They should be similar and there should always been an option for the Command Prompt.

Your experience with drive letters may vary from this example. When I get to a command shell I am at a prompt on the X drive. This is the restore partition and not the live windows partition. Typing "d:" and pressing enter will move you to the live windows partition. I have found that C: is not the live partition but another restore/system partition.

Change password from command prompt

In this example we will change the administrator password from the command prompt. An elevated command prompt is required.

Show all users:

net user

Change administrator password:

net user administrator *

The * will cause it to prompt you to enter the password of choice two times.

Other related: To activate the inactive administrator account, run the command

net user administrator /active:yes

If you want to enable the guest account as well run the command

net user guest /active:yes

No Login Password Required

Also known as "Automatic Account Login." We will use the "netplwiz" command to accomplish this.

1. Press the Windows + R keys to open the Run dialog box, type "netplwiz"
2. Select the User Name of the Microsoft account or local account that you want to have Windows automatically sign in to at startup.
3. Uncheck the Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer box
4. Enter the password of the selected local account or Microsoft account twice and click OK. If a selected local account does not have a password created for it, then leave the password fields empty. A Microsoft Live account will always have a password.

Available Command Prompt at Windows Login Screen

This is a hack that makes it so the "Ease of Access" icon in the bottom right of the login screen opens a command shell rather than the accessibility menu. This makes it so a command prompt can be available even before a user authenticates into windows.

To accomplish this we will rename or delete the file "utilman.exe" which is located:

\windows\system32\utilman.exe

Then we will make a copy of the command shell "cmd.exe" and call it utilman.exe placing it in the same path.

d:
cd d:\windows\system32
move Utilman.exe Utilman.bak
copy cmd.exe Utilman.exe

This trick can be used in conjunction with the tip "Command Prompt, System Restore, and other Startup Settings at Boot w/o Boot Disk" as a way to gain access to the command shell w/o knowing a user password.

This trick will leave a security hole in your system if you choose to leave the command shell program in place of Utilman.exe .

Some commands will work and others will not. From this command shell you are not authenticated. Commands such as "sysdm.cpl" work, while most commands to access user accounts and passwords fail. Control panel applets do not work. One VERY useful command that does work is:

c:\windows\system32\netplwiz.exe

A very useful thing you can do with this command is to change account types. You can change a Microsoft Live account back to a local account such as an administrator account. It will also let you set a new local administrator account password. There is some functionality that will be disabled, however, such as resetting the other account passwords and creating new user accounts.

Use PowerShell from the command prompt

Windows 10 ships with PowerShell v 5. It is a dot-net based command-line shell with scripting support.

Open the command shell "cmd.exe" and type "powershell" and press Enter.

You can use powershell to open an elevated cmd shell from within a cmd shell. From the command shell type:

powershell
Start-Process cmd -Verb RunAs

Change the password for Another User not Currently Logged In

If you are logged in as User A and you want to change the password for User B, while remaining logged in as User A, this can be accomplished as long as User A is in the administrator group. This procedure is for people that have gotten stuck trying to do this with "netplwiz.exe" or "control userpasswords".

It is also possible to do this with the 'lusrmgr.msc' command, however, that command is not available to all versions of Windows 10. If you are using the Home edition of WIndows 10 you will not be able to use lusrmgr.msc , continue to the procedure below...

When you are in the Windows 10 control panel the control panel will default to "category view" which hides some options. It is necessary to click the "View by:" dropdown menu located to the right two levels below the "Search Control Panel" box and change the view to "Large icons" or "Small icons" but just not the limited Category view.

Now click the "User Accounts" icon. You should see the following in the path:

Control Panel > All Control Panel Items > User Accounts

If you see that in the path then you are in the correct place. Now choose "Manage another account."

Click on the account you want to manage and then choose "change the password." However! If the option to change the password is not available, then there is a problem with how that particular account is recognized by the system, such as it may be a Microsoft Live account or one of the login flags is bad.

Warning! When an administrator changes the password of another user's local account that person will lose access to all EFS-encrypted files, personal certificates, and stored web passwords.

Another way to manage user accounts, and Microsoft Live accounts is: C:\Windows\ImmersiveControlPanel\SystemSettings.exe Even though we know the program path and executable it cannot be launched directly from command line. This is because it is actually the Windows Store, part of Metro, and not a Win32 program. The Metro Control Panel is labelled "PC Settings" when open.

The command line to open Windows Store / Control Panel to manage user accounts is simply too long...

• Explorer.exe shell:AppsFolder\Windows.ImmersiveControlPanel_cw5n1h2txyewy!microsoft.windows.immersivecontrolpanel

Instead, press the Windows Key and type "settings" in the search box, then click "Setings, Trusted Windows Store App" (I don't trust it) and then click the Accounts icon.