Difference between revisions of "Cinema Aspect Ratios"

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[[File:cinema_aspect_ratios_01.png]]
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== Aspect Ratios ==
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{| width="600" border="1" cellpadding="5"
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| '''Format'''
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| '''Aspect Ratio'''
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| colspan="2" align="center" | '''Aperture'''
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| '''X : Y'''
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|-
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="left" | mm
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| align="left" | inch
 +
| align="LEFT" |
 +
|-
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| align="LEFT" | 16 mm Film
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| align="LEFT" | 1.33
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| align="LEFT" | 7.21 x 9.65
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| align="LEFT" | 0.284 x 0.380
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| align="left" | 4 : 3
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | 35 mm Film (before 1953)
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| align="LEFT" | 1.37
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| align="LEFT" | 15.2 x 21
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| align="LEFT" | 0.600 x 0.825
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| align="LEFT" | 4 : 2.92
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|-
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| align="left" | 35 mm Film (USA)
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| align="LEFT" | 1.85
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| align="LEFT" | 11.3 x 21
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| align="LEFT" | 0.446 x 0.825
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| align="left" | 1.85 : 1
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|-
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| align="left" | 35 mm Film (Europe)
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| align="LEFT" | 1.65
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| align="LEFT" | 12.7 x 21
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| align="LEFT" | 0.500 x 0.825
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| align="left" | 1.65 : 1
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|-
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| align="left" | 35 mm Film (Anamorphic)
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| align="LEFT" | 2.35
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| align="LEFT" | 17.8 x 21
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| align="LEFT" | 0.702 x 0.825
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| align="left" | 2.35 : 1
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|-
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| align="left" | 70 mm Film
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| align="LEFT" | 2.21
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| align="LEFT" | 22 x 48.6
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| align="LEFT" | 0.868 x 1.913
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| align="left" | 2.21 : 1
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | 35 mm Slide (Horizontal)
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| align="LEFT" | 1.48
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| align="LEFT" | 22.9 x 34
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| align="LEFT" | 0.902 x 1.340
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| align="LEFT" | 4 : 2.7
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | 35 mm Slide (Vertical)
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| align="LEFT" | 0.68
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| align="LEFT" | 34 x 22.9
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| align="LEFT" | 1.340 x 0.902
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| align="LEFT" | 2.7 : 4
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | A4 Paper
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| align="LEFT" | 1.41
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| align="LEFT" | 210 x 297
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" | 4 : 2.83
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | '8 1/2 x 11' Paper
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| align="LEFT" | 1.30
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| align="LEFT" | 215.7 x 279.4
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" | 8.5 : 11
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|-
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| '''Format'''
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| '''Aspect Ratio'''
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| colspan="2" align="center" | '''Aperture/Resolution'''
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| '''X : Y'''
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|-
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="left" | mm
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| align="left" | pixel
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| align="LEFT" |
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|-
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| align="left" | NTSC Video
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| align="LEFT" | 1.33
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" | 720 � 480
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| align="left" | 4 : 3
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|-
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| align="left" | PAL Video
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| align="LEFT" | 1.33
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="left" | 4 : 3
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | HDTV 720
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| align="LEFT" | 1.78
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" | 1280 � 720
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| align="LEFT" | 16 : 9
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|-
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| align="left" | HDTV 1080
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| align="LEFT" | 1.78
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| align="LEFT" |
 +
| align="LEFT" | 1920 � 1080
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| align="left" | 16 : 9
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | PAL Wide
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| align="LEFT" | 1.78
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| align="LEFT" |
 +
| align="LEFT" | 1024 � 576
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| align="LEFT" | 16 : 9
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|-
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| align="left" | Letterbox Video
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| align="LEFT" | 1.85
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="left" | 1.85 : 1
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|-
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| align="left" | "Widescreen"
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| align="LEFT" | 1.85
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="left" | 1.85 : 1
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|-
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| align="left" | Cinemascope
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| align="LEFT" | 2.35
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="left" | 2.35 : 1
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | HDV-1
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| align="LEFT" | 1.77
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" | 1280 x 720
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| align="LEFT" | 16:9
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|-
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| align="LEFT" | HDV-2
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| align="LEFT" | 1.77
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| align="LEFT" |
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| align="LEFT" | 1440 x 1080
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| align="LEFT" | 16:9
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|}
  
 
[[File:cinema_aspect_ratios_02.png]]
 
[[File:cinema_aspect_ratios_02.png]]

Latest revision as of 10:49, 4 March 2013

Aspect Ratio describes the visual size of an entertainment medium such as television or film in terms of the image's width compared to its height, usually expressed as x:y. The most common aspect ratios used today in the presentation of films in movie theaters are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1. Older television sets in the United States have a ratio of 4:3, meaning that the image you see is four units wide and three units tall. Widescreen televisions use 16:9, which is explained further in the Analog TV and Digital Video Resolution Guide.

  • SDTV (4:3) or 1.33:1
  • HDTV (16:9) or 1.78:1
  • Cinema 2.35:1 and 1.85:1

Rather than refer to the whole number aspect 4:3, in cinematography terms these are reduced to decimal for the x side so that the y side is represented by 1. 1.33:1 in cinematography terms simplifies to 4:3, that is used in television terms.

The 4:3 ratio for standard television has been in use since television's origins and many computer monitors use the same aspect ratio. Since 4:3 is close to the old 1.37:1 cinema academy format, theaters suffered from a loss of viewers after films were broadcast on TV. To prevent this, Hollywood created widescreen aspect ratios to immerse the viewer in a more realistic experience and, possibly, to make broadcast films less enjoyable if watched on a regular TV set.

Cinema aspect ratios 01.png

Aspect Ratios

Format Aspect Ratio Aperture X : Y
mm inch
16 mm Film 1.33 7.21 x 9.65 0.284 x 0.380 4 : 3
35 mm Film (before 1953) 1.37 15.2 x 21 0.600 x 0.825 4 : 2.92
35 mm Film (USA) 1.85 11.3 x 21 0.446 x 0.825 1.85 : 1
35 mm Film (Europe) 1.65 12.7 x 21 0.500 x 0.825 1.65 : 1
35 mm Film (Anamorphic) 2.35 17.8 x 21 0.702 x 0.825 2.35 : 1
70 mm Film 2.21 22 x 48.6 0.868 x 1.913 2.21 : 1
35 mm Slide (Horizontal) 1.48 22.9 x 34 0.902 x 1.340 4 : 2.7
35 mm Slide (Vertical) 0.68 34 x 22.9 1.340 x 0.902 2.7 : 4
A4 Paper 1.41 210 x 297 4 : 2.83
'8 1/2 x 11' Paper 1.30 215.7 x 279.4 8.5 : 11
Format Aspect Ratio Aperture/Resolution X : Y
mm pixel
NTSC Video 1.33 720 � 480 4 : 3
PAL Video 1.33 4 : 3
HDTV 720 1.78 1280 � 720 16 : 9
HDTV 1080 1.78 1920 � 1080 16 : 9
PAL Wide 1.78 1024 � 576 16 : 9
Letterbox Video 1.85 1.85 : 1
"Widescreen" 1.85 1.85 : 1
Cinemascope 2.35 2.35 : 1
HDV-1 1.77 1280 x 720 16:9
HDV-2 1.77 1440 x 1080 16:9

Cinema aspect ratios 02.png

Cinema Formats

Academy Format

The first film format was developed in 1889 by Thomas Edison for his 'Kinetograph' using 35mm film, the picture format had a ratio of 1.37:1, the picture size was: width = 1 inch, height = 3/4 inch. The 'Academy Format' was established in 1932 with an aspect ratio of 1.33:1. This format was the de facto standard until 1953.

Cinerama Format

In 1928 the Cinerama Format was developed that used three 35mm film side by side to achieve the first wide screen format.

Cinerama 70mm

Developed in the 1960's with famous movies like produced films like A Space Odyssey, with an aspect ratio of 2.75:1, aperture dimensions: 1.912" x .0.870".

CinemaScope / Panavision

It was developed in 1953 and was copyrighted by 20th Century Fox. It produces a wide screen image with standard 35 mm film by using an anamorphic lens to 'boost' the displayed picture in the horizontal plane. The projected picture has an aspect ratio of 2.35:1. CinemaScope, or Panavision, is the most common format today and it will be the most common format until the worldwide change to Digital Cinema formats.

CinemaScope 55

Am alternative format by 20th Century Fox with the aspect ratio of 2.55:1, also using an anamorphic lens.

ArriScope-ArriVision

Designed by the Arriflex Camera Corporation with an aspect ratio of 2.35:1. It was used for two 3D feature films in 1983. The aperture dimensions are 0.864" x 0.732".

Imax

The IMAX format was developed in the early 1970's. 70mm film is projected horizontally, screens are 80 feet high. Famous for IMAX re-mastered movies were Star Wars Episode II Attack Of The Clones and Apollo 13.

Matted 1.66:1

Developed by Paramount in 1953 with an aspect ratio of 1.66:1. To achieve the wide format without an anamorphic lens, the top and bottom of the picture were masked.

Matted 1.85:1

Used by Universal and Columbia Pictures with the top and bottom masked to achieve an aspect ratio of 1.85:1.

Super 35mm

35mm film with wider optical sound track, without anamorphic lens, the picture is framed to fit the desired aspect ratio. Aspect ratio: variable, Standard 1.33:1, Widescreen 1.85:1, Panavision 2.35:1, aperture dimensions: 0.980" x 0.735".

SuperScope

Format developed in the 1950s, with anamorphic lens, two versions: aspect ratio of 2:1 and 2.35:1.

Super Panavision 70mm

Developed in 1959, it was introduced by Panavision, Inc., aspect ratio: 2.2:1, aperture dimensions: 1.912" x .0.870".

Super Technirama 70mm

developed in the 1950s, aspect ratio: 2.35:1, aperture dimensions: 1.364" x .0.715".

Techniscope

Aspect ratio: 2.35:1

Technovision

Aspect ratio: 2.35:1

Ultra Panavision 70mm

Developed in the 1950s, Aspect Ratio: 2.76:1, aperture dimensions: 2.072" x .0.906"

WarnerScope

Developed by Warner in the early 1950s, on 35mm film, aspect ratio: 2.35:1, aperture dimensions: 0.864" x 0.732".

Widescreen 1.85:1

Todays standard format with the aspect ration of 1.85:1,with optical stereo sound and/or Dolby Digital 5.1.

Related

See also Analog TV and Digital Video Resolution Guide.

 

 

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