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== Capacitor ==The distinction between electric and electronic is that electric simply involves electricity, whereas electronic involves the controlled conduction of electrons (electricity) though a semiconductor or even a vacuum tube. An electrical circuit provides a path for flowing electrons. In electronics, the flow of electrons is manipulated though semiconductors such as resistors, capacitors, and is further advanced though switching or amplification such as with transistors. The degree of electronic complexity is limited only by man's current understanding of materials and how they may be used to manipulate an electrical current performing ever more complex work, such as with the modern personal computer. == [[Capacitor]] ==== Diode ==== [[Diode]] ==== Inductor ==== [[Inductor]] ==== Oscillator ==== [[Resistor]] == A circuit element that presents a resistance to the flow of electric current. A current flowing through a resistance will create a voltage drop across that resistance in accordance with Ohm's law.== Resistor ==A a circuit element that presents a resistance to the flow of electric current. A current flowing through a resistance will create a voltage drop across that resistance in accordance with Ohm's law.== Regulator ==*[[Potentiometers are Variable Resistors|Potentiometer]]:Also known as a "POT" for short, a potentiometer is a variable resistor. With three terminals, two across which the entire resistance appears, and the third terminal with a wiper arm that moves to a different spot on the resistor as the shaft is turned. The resistance between the wiper and one end terminal gets smaller while, at the same time, the resistance between the wiper and the other end gets larger. This allows the potentiometer to be used as a variable voltage divider, for use in attenuators, such as volume controls or tone controls.== Transformer ==*Rheostat:Two terminal variable resistor used to control current. Although definitions vary, in simplistic terms a potentiometer and a rheostat are both synonyms for variable resistor. However, the rheostat is often clarified as being a variable resistor with only two terminals, and designed to handle higher current than a typical three terminal potentiometer. A potentiometer can be connected as a rheostat by leaving one of the terminals unconnected.== Transistor ==== [[Transformer]] ==A transformer changes the level of AC signals, or the impedances of circuits. They consist of a minimum of two coils, the primary and the secondary, wound on the same core. An ideal transformer has no losses, it merely steps a voltage up or down in proportion to the turns ratio between the primary and the secondary. This is useful in converting the voltage from a wall outlet, typically 120 or 240 volts, into a higher voltage for the tube plate supply, typically 400V or more, and a lower voltage for the tube filament, typically 6.3 or 12.6V. The transformer will also "reflect back" to the primary the impedance which is connected to the secondary, in proportion to the square of the turns ratio. That is, if you have a 20:1 transformer with a 16 ohm impedance connected to the secondary, it will "look like" a 6.4K ohm impedance on the primary side. This is useful in matching the plate of a tube, which is very high impedance, typically on the order of several thousand ohms, to a speaker, which is very low impedance, typically on the order of 4, 8, or 16 ohms.== [[Transistor]] ==A transistor regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals. Transistors are the basic elements in integrated circuits (ICs), which consist of very large numbers of transistors interconnected with circuitry and baked into a single silicon microchip or "chip."