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== Practice Questions ==== General Class ==Question examples. These are the kind of questions that you will find in the examination.Q: Which of the following is an advantage of a switchmode power supply as compared to a linear power supply?:A: High frequency operation allows the use of smaller componentsQ: What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21 MHz reactance modulated oscillator in a 5 kHz deviation, 146.52 MHz FM phone transmitter?:A: 416.7 Hz=== Short Path and Long Path propagation ====== F Layer propagation types ===*Long Path Propagation*Grey-Line Propagation*Backscatter===reactance-modulated oscillator===There are a couple ways of producing an FM signal on the 2 meter band. It is inexpensive to use a quartz crystal oscillator however it cannot produce such a high frequency. So a lower frequency is used, then that is multiplied to get to the desired higher frequency. It might look something like this: 12.21MHz * 2 = 24.42MHz, 24.42MHz * 2 =48.84MHz, 48.84 * 3 = 146.52MHzAgain, the multiplier method of generating a FM signal is less expensive than using a heterodyne system.When talking about a total deviation at the final frequency of 5kHz then consider we arrive at that number (5kHz) the same way we multiplied to arrive at our target frequency of 146.52MHz. 416.7Hz * 2 = 833.4Hz, 833.4Hz * 2 = 1666.8Hz, 1666.8Hz * 3 = 5000.4Hz which rounds to 5kHz===PACTOR protocol===A radio modulation mode used to send and receive digital information via radio. PACTOR is an evolution of both AMTOR and packet radio. PACTOR is a set of standardized modes used by Amateur operators for FSK radioteletype transfer of digital information over HF. A PACTOR communication is between two stations only.[[Category:Ham Radio]]