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== Satellite TV Downlink Dishes ==The photograph below shows a small dish farm at the Army National Guard - Camp Robinson, in Little Rock, Arkansas.[[Image:ArmyNatGuCRLittleRock.jpg]]The solid dish on the left and the mesh dish on the right are steerable C/Ku analog dishes that use the older, but still very viable analog satellite signals. The operators are able to rotate these dishes across the "Van Allen" arc to capture unscrambled programming from satellites like Galaxy 6, Spacenet 4, SBS6, or the Telstar Series. These satellites are operated by companies like Hughes, PanAmSat or Loral.The center dish is a fixed ground mounted Compressed Digital Video (CDV) dish that does not move. It is focused on only one satellite (Telstar 4) that services the military and Government and Education Training Networks. It’s programming signal is digital and is encrypted or closed to public use. . . . . . . . .=== 90 x 90 cm / 36 x 36 in ==={|| [[Image:tvsatdishref0012.jpg]]| Example: <BR><BR>Fortec Star 90U <BR>Ku Offset Dish Antenna & <BR>Sadoun Standard KUL1 LNBF|}.=== 99 x 99 cm / 39 x 39 in ==={|| [[Image:tvsatdishref0013.jpg]]| Example: <BR><BR>39" GOSPELL Ku band dish with DSS LNB <BR>Gain(>40dB at 12.5G)|}. .| Example: <BR><BR>7.5' ft Sami C/Ku Band Antenna <BR>Model DS7.5 <BR><BR>''(prime focus)''| Example: <BR><BR>7.5' ft C/Ku Band Antenna <BR>F/D Ratio .38, Mainlobe Beamwidth: <BR>* C Band: 2.138 degrees, * Ku Band: .76 degrees <BR>Intermediate Band<BR><BR>''(prime focus)''|}. === 305 x 305 cm / 120 x 120 in ===''(3 meter / 10 ft)''{|| [[Image:tvsatdishref0014.jpg]]| Example: <BR><BR>Sami CBAND 10ft Polar Mount <BR># C Band: 1.749 degrees <BR># Ku Band .583 degrees <BR>Weight: 105 pounds <BR><BR>''(prime focus)''.=== 350 x 350 cm / 138 x 138 in ====== 366 x 366 cm / 144 x 144 in ===''(3.5 meter / 11.5 ft)''''(3.7 meter / 12 ft)''| [[Image:tvsatdishref0008.jpg]]| [[Image:tvsatdishref0016.jpg]]| Example: <BR><BR>3.5 Meter Euro Aluminum Dish <BR><BR>''(prime focus)''| Example: <BR><BR>12 foot C band Satellite Dish <BR><BR>''(prime focus)''. .=== 500 x 500 cm / 196 x 196 in ===''(5 meter / 16.5 ft)''{|| [[Image:tvsatdishref0015.jpg]]| Example: <BR><BR>5 meter dish <BR><BR>''(prime focus)''|}. C band is in the microwave range of frequencies ranging from 4 to 8 GHz. It was the first frequency band allocated for commercial ground-to-satellite communications. A typical C-band satellite uses 3.7–4.2 GHz for downlink, and 5.925–6.425 Ghz for uplink. C band is often used for Television receive-only, or TVRO, as discussed here.== Smallest Possible C-Band Dish ==If you're looking for C band equipment, consider buying used. Due to the popularity of digital satellite systems, people are selling or sometimes giving away their old C band equipment. Two excellent, used receiver brands to look for are General Instrument, Drake, and Uniden. Avoid systems made prior to around 1992, off brand equipment, and broken systems. Popular brands will usually mean that a large stockpile of repair parts are available. Refer to our [[C-Band Satellite Information]] page for more details.Depending on the satellite footprint, the power of the satellite, and your location you can go as low as 5ft for receiving a signal from a few select satellites. The 8ft dish is very common for C-Band reception. One problem with having a small dish for C-Band reception is that of adjacent satellite interference. The minimum size to work with the 2 degree satellite spacing we have now is about 8 1/2 ft.Ku Band is also in the microwave range of frequencies. It ranges from 12.0 to 18.0 GHz. Ku band satellites are also used for backhauls and particularly for satellite from remote locations back to a television network's studio for editing and broadcasting. The 12.2 to 12.7 GHz (LOF 11.250 GHz) segment is allocated to the BSS (broadcasting satellite service). BSS/DBS direct broadcast satellites normally carry 16 to 32 transponders of 27 MHz bandwidth running at 100 to 240 watts of power, allowing the use of receiver antennas as small as 18 inches (450 mm).Offset dishes are typically more efficient than prime focus primarily because with a prime focus dish the struts that hold the feedhorn assembly block some of the signal. An offset dish will pick up less thermal earth noise lowering the noise floor level. You can get away with a smaller dish if it is an offset dish. 8.5 ft is about the smallest size for proper C-band reception in most of parts of North America. An 8.5 ft reflector should eliminate adjacent satellite interference issues. 10 ft was the standard back in the 80's when satellite transmission power was, on average, less.