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The audio jack that is commonly seen on stereo headphones, audio devices such as the iPod, and many cell phones is known as the TRS Connector. The TRS phono plug connector is an audio jack with either 2 or 3 rings. TRS is an acronym representing Tip + Ring + Sleeve. The 2 ring version is for mono audio and the three ring version is for stereo audio. There are also other variants such as a four ring version which is often designed for camcorders, the extra ring for the video signal.This audio jack is commonly seen on stereo headphones for audio devices such as a Sony Walkman, and some cell phones, although there is a wide range of uses including audio input as well as output. The TRS phono plug connector is an audio jack with 3 contact places on the jack separated by two insulation layers. TRS is an acronym representing '''T'''ip + '''R'''ing + '''S'''leeve. The 2 contact (Tip + Sleeve or TS) version is typically for mono audio and the three contact version (TRS) is typically for stereo audio. There are also other variants such as a four contact version which is often designed for camcorders, the extra ring for the video signal, or for modern cell phones and mobile devices facilitating earphone and microphone combination headsets. Again, these are common uses, with audio being the most widely implemented application. A TS plug or Tip Sleeve plug has two contacts, which are sometimes referred to as poles. So a TS is a one ring two pole connector. TS = 1 Ring and 2 Pole A TRS plug or Tip Ring Sleeve plug has three poles. So a TRS is a two ring three pole connector. TRS = 2 Ring and 3 Pole The divisions of the plug in phone, mini-phone and sub-mini connectors that represent the different conductors. Tip (T) and ring (R), along with the sleeve (S), are used in two-conductor (TS), three-conductor (TRS) and four-conductor (TRRS) variations. The divisions of the plug in phone, mini-phone and sub-mini connectors that represent the different conductors. Tip (T) and ring (R), along with the sleeve (S), are used in two-conductor (TS), three-conductor (TRS) and four-conductor ([[TRRS Phono Plug]]) variations. There is a standard accepted in the industry for audio devices.=== Theory of Stereo Mono Conversion ====== Mono Jack wiring === Common on musical instruments, stomp boxes and unbalanced microphones * Tip - signal (Hot)* Ring - Ground === Stereo Jack Connections === The contacts of a stereo plug are allocated as follows * Tip - Left channel* Ring - Right channel* Sleeve - Common (ground) [[Image:tipringsleeveaudioleftright.jpg]] === PC99 computer Audio connections (3.5mm 3 pole jack) === As used on PC sound card microphone inputs (outputs and line inputs follow the regular stereo jack connections above). 3.5mm connectors are used. * Tip - Mic input* Ring - +5V supply, (via a limiting resistor usually)* Sleeve - Ground === Theory on Stereo to Mono Conversion === Speaking strictly on what is called unbalanced stereo audio converted to unbalanced mono audio, should one combine the ring + tip or short the ring to the sleeve on a TRS phono plug? According to one source, shorting leads to create a mono signal has been used for the past 50 or so years with headsets. The stereo plug has a tip, ring and sleeve section while a mono headset will have only a tip and sleeve. When the mono headset is plugged into a stereo jack, both ring and sleeve contacts the sleeve section of the mono plug thus combining the two channels into a mono signal.Shorting leads to create a mono signal has been used for the past 50 or so years with headsets. The stereo plug has a tip, ring and sleeve section while a mono headset will have only a tip and sleeve. When the mono headset is plugged into a stereo jack, both ring and sleeve contacts the sleeve section of the mono plug thus combining the two channels into a mono signal.According to another source, the flaw of the TRS TS design is that when a mono TS plug is inserted into a stereo TRS jack, it shorts out the right channel to ground, simulating a 0-ohm load. This could be harmful to some equipment (burn out your iPod).=== Mono Jack wiring ===Conclusion:Common on musical instruments, stomp boxes and unbalanced microphonesInserting a mono TS plug into a stereo TRS jack will short the right audio to the sleeve ground, resulting in mono playback with only the left channel present. Audio from the right channel will be lost. This practice may also present a risk to the line level source.* Tip - signal (Hot)Using a conventional off the shelf stereo to mono adapter combining the ring and tip (right and left) audio from a stereo source into a TS plug typically preserves audio from both tracks, however, sound quality may be lost due to the way the audio is phased. Some sensitive audio line level sources may also be at risk when combining left and right audio.* Ring - Ground=== Stereo Jack Connections ===The most ideal solution is to use a powered device to combine the two stereo channels into a single mono channel, such as a mixer.The contacts of a stereo plug are allocated as follows== Balanced Mono and Unbalanced Stereo ==* Tip - Left channelWhen a TRS is used as a single channel connector in a balanced system, it is called a balanced TRS connector. The balanced TRS connector is commonly of the quarter inch type and carries a line level signal. In professional audio the TRS connector is used for a mono signal to carry balanced audio as opposed to the consumer home electronic world where the same (very simular) connector is used for what is called an unbalanced stereo signal.* Ring - Right channel * Sleeve - Common (ground)With balanced audio two identical signals are inverted 180° out of phase. If combined by shorting the T + R they will cancel each other out. Balanced cables in such systems are designed to carry two versions of any given signal and are manipulated in polarity relative to each other to eliminate noise and hum. Balanced audio cables use three lines. They consist of a hot line (positive), cold line (negative) and the ground. The audio signal is transmitted on both the hot and cold lines, but the voltage in the cold line is inverted in polarity so it is negative when the hot signal is positive. These two signals are often referred to as being out of phase, which is incorrect. They are not out of phase via a delay, but rather in phase and mirror images of one another in terms of polarity. They are equal and opposite. If an inexpensive stereo to mono adapter is used on a balanced TRC connector, the combination of T + R will create a line out of the two waves, one being inverted, resulting in a dead signal (no sound.)note: The professional TRS jack can be told apart by the fact that the tip and ring metal parts have a smaller diameter than the sleeve, and TRS plugs often have brass contact surfaces. Stereo jacks are usually nickel-plated, so there is a colour difference too. Forcing the domestic stereo jack plug into a professional TRS socket will often bend the contacts of the socket so it does not make good contact in future when mated with a TRS plug.note: The professional TRS jack can be told apart by the fact that the tip and ring metal parts have a smaller diameter than the sleeve, and TRS plugs often have brass contact surfaces. Stereo jacks are usually nickel-plated, so there is a color difference too. Forcing the domestic stereo jack plug into a professional TRS socket will often bend the contacts of the socket so it does not make good contact in future when mated with a TRS plug. === PC99 computer Audio connections (3.5mm 3 pole jack) === As used on PC sound card microphone inputs (outputs and line inputs follow the regular stereo jack connections above). 3.5mm connectors are used. * Tip - Mic input* Ring - +5V supply, (via a limiting resistor usually)* Sleeve - Ground:3. Sub-Mini Thirty-Second (3/32) - standard for mobile phone audio connector, however, eight is become more common on newer models.:3. Sub-Mini Thirty-Second (3/32) - standard for mobile phone audio connector, however, 1/8 is become more common on newer models.
