Talk:PAL Speedup
Contents
PAL Speedup
This is a demonstration of the increase of 4.2% in pitch and speed that results from the conversion of film (or NTSC-TV) to the european PAL format. This effect is commonly known as PAL Speedup. This is shown on the example of the US TV series "Star Trek: The Next Generation". Listen for yourself:
Here are more NTSC-PAL comparisons:
- "Buffy the Vampire Slayer"; Episode "Once More With Feeling", First Song
- "The Simpsons"; Opening titles and credits
- "Enterprise"; Episode "Broken Bow, Part I", Hoshi and Archer
- "Futurama"; Episode "A Bicyclops Built for Two", Music, Nibbler, Professor, Zoidberg, Amy and Bender
Keep in mind, that not only the pitch is wrong, but movies will run significantly faster. For example, the PAL version of a 2 hour movie will play in 1 hour 55 minutes!
ReClock to the rescue!
Currently SlySoft's ReClock is the only software available for the Windows PC which can solve this problem. With ReClock's help you can watch and listen to PAL material with the correct speed and pitch. You get the "best of both worlds": The enhanced resolution of PAL with the correct pitch and speed of NTSC.
PAL-Speedup - Technical background
Movies and many television series are shot on film that runs at 24 frames per second. That's also the framerate at which movies are projected in movie theaters. If you'd like to convert that movie to television you have a problem, because regular television sets don't run at 24Hz (= frames per second).
This is how the Americans solve that problem:
The video standard in american television is NTSC. NTSC runs at 60 Hz. To make 60 Hz from 24 fps, you double the first frame, triple the second frame, double the third frame, triple the fourth frame and so forth. Now 12 of the original 24 frames in one second are doubled (12 * 2 = 24) and the other 12 are tripled (12 * 3 = 36). And because 24 + 36 = 60, you can use this new framerate for conversion into NTSC. Unfortunately, since not all frames are displayed for equal amounts of time using this so-called 3:2-Pulldown method, the film does not run quite as smoothly as in movie theatres.
This is how the Europeans solve the problem:
Europe's television standard is PAL which runs at 50 Hz. Unfortunately, you can't make 50 from 24 just doubling or tripling every other frame, at least not evenly. So the film is sped up 4% to 25 frames per second, those 25 frames are then doubled, and the end result is 50 Hz. And that's why almost all programs are too fast and too highly pitched by 4% in Europe. And it doesn't even matter if the program is english language, some european language or if it's a dubbing, everything originally made on film or NTSC is affected. Which is essentially everything except european television productions that are shot using PAL television cameras.
source: http://sandbox.slysoft.com/palspeedup/index.html
LINUX CONVERSION
menucoder
mencoder -oac copy -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd:tsaf -vf scale=720:480,harddup -lavcopts threads=3:vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=1835:vrc_maxrate=9800:vbitrate=5000:keyint=15:vstrict=0:aspect=16/9 -ofps 30000/1001 -o mr.mpg mr.avi
using ffmpeg
ffmpeg -threads 3 -i mr.avi -target ntsc-dvd -r '30000/1001' -aspect 16:9 -acodec copy mr.mpg
numbers rates and conversions
25/23.976
104.27%
1.0427093760427093760427093760427
95.904000000000000000000000000065%
4.27%
NTSC to PAL conversion is a speed up of 4.096% (69.5 cents pitch shift). (104.096% of NTSC speed)
PAL to NTSC conversion is a slow down of 4.2709376043% (-72.4 cents pitch shift). (95.904% of the PAL speed)
movie examples
The Desperate Hours (1955)
- PAL runtime: 1:47:57
- NTSC runtime: 1:52:33
